Dust Collector Inspection And Maintenance

Dust collector is a dust filtering device suitable for capturing small, dry, and non fibrous dust. The filter bag is made of textile filter cloth or non-woven felt, and uses the filtering effect of fiber fabric to filter the dust containing gas. When the dust containing gas enters the bag filter, the large and heavy dust particles settle down due to gravity and fall into the ash hopper. When the gas containing finer and smaller dust passes through the filter material, the dust is retained and the gas is purified.

It’s widely used in industries such as power, chemical, food, mechanical processing, and casting, with the tightening of environmental policies, more and more people are paying attention to its dust filter efficiency and effectiveness. With the long-term use and aging of equipment, the dust filter efficiency decreases, resulting in emissions not meeting standards. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out maintenance and repair of the dust collector.

The main maintenance components of the dust collector include the dust collector body and pipeline, dust cleaning system, dust unloading system, control system, and fan.

1. Dust collector body

For the "box" of the dust collector, maintenance is carried out by dividing it into two parts, the inner and outer parts, and the gaps in the box.

The main inspection points for external maintenance are paint, leakage, bolts, and the sealing condition around them. For high temperature and high humidity gases, in order to prevent condensation and ensure safety, insulation layers such as rock wool, glass wool, and polystyrene ester are generally installed on the outside.

The main inspection points for internal maintenance are: pay attention to selecting corrosion-resistant coatings and timely apply them to areas that are prone to corrosion or have already corroded. In general, due to the acidic nature of purified gases, epoxy resin based acid resistant coatings are more commonly used.

The gaps in the box also need to be maintained. The gaps in the box are usually padded with rubber, gaskets, asbestos pads, etc. to prevent gas leakage.

2.  Pipeline

After some dust collectors have been in use for a period of time, dust will settle inside the pipes. Dust settling mostly occurs at the bends, where there is high resistance and a decrease in speed, resulting in dust settling. The more sediment accumulates, the more it causes pipeline blockage and insufficient air flow. Therefore, it is necessary to design cleaning ports in dusty pipelines and regularly clean the deposited particles and dust. Install observation holes and cleaning ports on the pipeline, manually lift the settled dust, and then remove it with the suction of the dust removal fan, or directly remove the accumulated dust from the cleaning port.

Long term use of dust collector pipelines can cause wear and tear on the pipeline walls due to the presence of dust containing gases, mainly concentrated at the bends of the pipeline. Air leakage in the worn areas can reduce the suction volume at the dust collection port, decrease the air pressure, affect the dust collection effect, and even cause dust to settle in the pipeline. Therefore, it is necessary to repair the worn pipeline walls in a timely manner.

3. Dust cleaning system

The components that need maintenance in the dust cleaning system include gas storage tanks, pressure pipelines, air bags, pulse valves, differential pressure pipelines, differential pressure, pressure transmitters, and bag cages.

Gas storage tanks are pressure vessels and require annual inspection.

Check for leaks in the compressed air pipeline.

Are the pressure gauge, safety valve, and drain valve on the airbag functioning properly?

Whether the pulse valve is working properly and whether there is any damage to the diaphragm. Through the intelligent cloud platform of Xiechang Environmental Protection, real-time fault analysis, alarm, and precise positioning of the fault point can be achieved.

Is there any blockage in the differential pressure pipeline?

Are the instruments and meters working properly?

According to the dust concentration meter, single chamber differential pressure transmitter, and shutdown, open the upper cover and extract the cloth bag to check whether the cloth bag and cage bone are damaged or ineffective.

4. Small dust unloading system

The components that need maintenance in a small dust removal and ash discharge system include star shaped ash discharge valves (air dampers), level gauges (high and low), vibration motors (arch breakers), and winches (scraper machines).

5. Big dust unloading system

The components that need to be repaired in a large-scale dust removal and ash unloading system include a collection screw (collection scraper), a bucket elevator, a large ash bin (top dust collector, level gauge, vibration motor), and a humidifier (to prevent secondary dust).

6. Fan

The commonly used dust filter fans include direct connection, V-belt drive, and coupling drive.

The wear of the coupling and elastic pin of the direct coupled fan should be checked to prevent wear from causing vibration of the transmission shaft and affecting the service life of the bearings. The oil level should be maintained inside the bearing box to ensure sufficient lubrication of the bearings.

The key to checking the tightness and wear of the V-belt driven fan is to prevent the V-belt from becoming too loose, which can cause the fan to lose speed and affect the air volume and pressure

The rubber elastic ring of the coupling type fan elastic ring column pin coupling, the rubber joint of the elastic column pin coupling, and the elastic diaphragm of the diaphragm coupling are all elastic elements that can compensate for the relative displacement of the axis. Due to multiple start-up impacts, long-term vibration wear, corrosion, and aging effects, elastic components may fail. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct regular inspections every year. If the rubber components age or wear out, or if the elastic membrane collapses or is damaged, they should be replaced in a timely manner.

In addition, it is necessary to check whether the impeller and bearings of the fan are worn. Generally, the impeller is not worn, but if the dust bag is damaged, the dust containing air will be discharged with the induced draft fan, causing wear on the impeller and resulting in a small air volume. When the fan's air volume cannot meet the requirements for use due to impeller wear, the hidden danger of impeller wear should be eliminated in a timely manner and the impeller should be replaced.

7. Control system

Regularly inspect the electrical control cabinet and promptly address any issues found.

Regularly clean the high and low voltage distribution cabinets to maintain their cleanliness and good insulation.

Regularly calibrate the detection instruments to ensure accurate measurement.

Regularly conduct functional tests on interlocking, protection, and alarm devices to ensure that they are in an effective and reliable state.

Regularly test on-site and emergency operation functions to ensure their effectiveness and reliability.

Replace damaged instruments, operation buttons, switches, and indicator lights in a timely manner, and do not make the equipment work with defects.

Do not arbitrarily disable the interlocking protection function of the equipment.